feat: integrate Chinese speech understanding and capability routing
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# Speech pipeline benchmark — 2026-08-28
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## Environment
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- Windows / Python 3.13
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- `sherpa-onnx==1.13.6`, CPU provider, 8 ASR threads
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- SenseVoiceSmall full precision, `language=zh`, `use_itn=true`
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- Silero VAD: threshold 0.45, min speech 0.16 s, min silence 0.65 s
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- 48 text regressions（including reported field failures plus ratio/coordination matrices）
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- 16 capability-alignment cases replayed 100 times（1600 samples）
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- 43 catalog capability definitions × 5 resolver projections（215 subcases）
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- 10 local 16 kHz mono Windows SAPI WAVs covering filler, target refinement,
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cross-domain correction, normal multi-command, number/direction correction,
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negation, unrelated speech, fast speech and slow speech
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The WAV set is synthetic and deliberately kept under ignored `artifacts/tmp`; it is useful for
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repeatability but is not a substitute for TAKSTAR V2 recordings in the real cabin.
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## Before / after
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| Metric | Before | After |
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|---|---:|---:|
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| Raw exact transcription (10 WAV) | 8/10 | 8/10 |
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| Expected understanding text (same 10 cases) | 2/10 | 10/10 |
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| Intent exact match | no structured speech Intent | 10/10 |
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| Device / action / parameter exact | no structured speech metrics | 10/10 / 10/10 / 10/10 |
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| Correction success | unsafe text-only heuristics | 4/4 |
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| False command activation | 1 observed wrong-direction activation | 0/2 no-command cases |
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| Severe wrong device / wrong number | not reported | 0 / 0 |
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| Duplicate transcript rate | not observable (single callback) | 0% |
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| ASR inference P50 / P95 | 80 / 110 ms | 79.7 / 110.5 ms |
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| Semantic P50 / P95 | 0.03 ms (old regex only) | 0.33 / 0.56 ms（1600 capability samples） |
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| Command resolution P50 / P95 | not available | 0.03 / 0.06 ms |
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| Steady end-to-end P50 / P95 | not instrumented | 95.3 / 134.1 ms |
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| Cold first request | not instrumented end-to-end | 1400.9 ms |
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Raw exact stays at 80% because two files differ only in acoustic homophone/punctuation output;
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`raw_text` is intentionally not rewritten. The semantic and business metrics operate on separate
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fields.
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## Full precision vs int8 probe
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On sherpa-onnx's official Chinese test WAV, both files produced the same transcript in this one
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probe:
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| Model | First call including load | Warm P50 | Warm P95 |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|
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| `model.onnx` | 1514.9 ms | 90.9 ms | 92.7 ms |
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| `model.int8.onnx` | 889.6 ms | 77.4 ms | 81.8 ms |
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This is insufficient acoustic coverage to prove equal accuracy, so the accuracy-first default
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remains full precision. The model file stays configurable through `SPEECH_MODEL_FILE`.
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## VAD tuning probe
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Thresholds 0.35 / 0.45 / 0.55 and end silence 0.45 / 0.65 / 0.85 s were replayed against the
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available Chinese test WAV. All combinations found one segment; threshold 0.45 preserved the
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complete utterance boundary. The selected 0.65 s server endpoint, 0.25 s pre-roll and 0.35 s
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post-roll are conservative for short commands. Real cabin noise and long-pause recordings remain
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required before claiming production calibration.
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Reproduce current metrics with:
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```bash
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.venv/Scripts/python tools/benchmark_speech_pipeline.py \
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--audio-dir artifacts/tmp/speech-regression-audio
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```
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# 中文语音控制链路
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## 整改前的实际链路
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```text
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getUserMedia
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-> ScriptProcessor(4096)
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-> 浏览器 RMS 阈值与前后裁剪
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-> 单个 16 kHz PCM WAV
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-> POST /api/speech/transcribe
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-> 单个 sherpa-onnx OfflineStream
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-> SenseVoiceSmall 单次 final decode
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-> regex 文本清理
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-> 直接覆盖输入框
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-> 用户提交后进入既有 IntentIR / capability / CAN 链路
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```
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旧实现没有 AudioWorklet、ASR Web Worker、WASM、streaming partial、VAD segment、
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chunk overlap 或 segment assembler。因此观测到的“空调打开打……靠背靠座椅靠背”
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不是 partial/final 被前端重复 append，而是 SenseVoice 单次 decode 已返回该 raw 文本；
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旧正则层只是尝试掩盖 acoustic false start，且没有结构化 cancelled intent。
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## 整改后的链路
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```text
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Microphone (优先 TAKSTAR V2)
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-> AudioContext（跨 utterance 复用）
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-> AudioWorklet（旧环境 ScriptProcessor fallback）
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-> 自适应 RMS endpoint + 350 ms 前置 / 450 ms 后置采集
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-> 16 kHz PCM WAV + utteranceId
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-> Silero VAD（0.25 s pre-roll / 0.35 s post-roll，重叠先合并）
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-> SenseVoiceSmall zh + ITN（每个 VAD segment 一个 OfflineStream）
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-> final ASR callback
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-> TranscriptAssembler（replace / commit / order / idempotency / overlap）
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-> rawText
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-> UnderstandingTranscriptProcessor
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-> cleanText + active commands + cancelledFragments + uncertain
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-> 页面展示与提交安全门
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-> 用户确认后进入既有 IntentIR / capability / CAN 链路
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```
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模型、tokens、VAD native session 和浏览器 AudioContext 都只初始化一次。服务端请求以
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`utteranceId + SHA-256(audio)` 幂等：相同音频返回缓存，不同音频复用同一 ID 返回 409。
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## 数据边界
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- `raw_text`：SenseVoice 原始证据，只去模型标签和多余空白，永不被语义文本覆盖。
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- `clean_text`：用于输入框显示的理解式文本。
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- `commands`：与工程 capability catalog 对齐的 active Intent 预览。
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- `cancelled_fragments`：否定、自我修正、false start 或显式撤销的证据及 cancelled Intent。
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- `uncertain`：参数越界、缺少方向/单位/设备、拼接冲突等不能安全执行的情况。
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- `execution_eligible`：存在 active commands、无 uncertain、无校验错误时才为 true。
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语音 API 本身不执行任何能力。页面会拒绝直接提交仍带有原始 uncertain 标记的语音结果；
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用户编辑后才解除该标记。
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## Capability 驱动的语义链路
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语音层不再维护可执行设备表。能力事实按以下优先级读取：
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1. `domains/*/config/capabilities.yaml` 与
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`config/native_can_capabilities/*.yaml`；
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2. `CapabilityRegistry` 统一加载 catalog；
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3. `NativeCanRuntime.supported_capabilities`、domain runtime、seat compiler 和
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mode profile registry 确认可执行性与 executor binding；
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4. `CapabilityResolver` 只把中文槽位或既有一句话解析 action 适配到上述事实。
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`UnderstandingTranscriptProcessor` 会优先复用
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`application/native_can_intent.py` 已有的确定性解析结果，所以驾驶台默认目标、CH1
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主驾能力和网页一句话编排保持一致。`vocabulary.py` 只包含 alias、同义词、颜色与
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scope 词法映射，不声明车辆支持哪些能力。
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每个 command 同时保留 `target_scope`、`property`、`operation`、`value`、`unit`、
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`qualifiers`、IntentIR action、executor binding 和 executor payload。`clean_text` 从
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这些结构化 command 渲染；unsupported、ambiguous、incomplete 不会产生假的
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executor payload，且 UI 会阻止整条原始语音直接提交。
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当前代码证据中，前大灯只有反馈和只读 UI，没有控制 capability；因此“打开前大灯”
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为 `recognized_unsupported`。零重力是 `config/modes/vehicles/denza_n7/zero_gravity.yaml`
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定义的副驾四轴 mode profile，不是主驾单一 capability；明确要求主驾时返回
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`recognized_unsupported`。
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能力矩阵始终从 catalog 动态生成：
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```bash
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python tools/report_capability_matrix.py --format markdown
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```
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## Debug trace
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生产默认关闭。设置 `SPEECH_DEBUG=1` 后，每条 JSON 日志包含：
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- `utteranceId`；
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- `segmentId`、sequence、开始/结束时间、音频 overlap；
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- raw ASR final、进入拼接器前文本、拼接后文本；
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- clean text、active/cancelled Intent、uncertain reason；
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- audio、VAD、每段 ASR、assembly、semantic、recovery、total 耗时。
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`SPEECH_DEBUG_RESPONSE=1` 才把 trace 放进 API 响应。浏览器使用 `?speechDebug=1`
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查看采集实现、设备、阈值、utteranceId 和服务器结果。
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## 默认 VAD 与识别配置
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| 配置 | 默认值 |
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| language | `zh` |
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| use_itn | `true` |
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| Silero threshold | `0.45` |
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| min speech | `0.16 s` |
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| min silence | `0.65 s` |
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| max speech | `12.0 s` |
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| pre-roll | `0.25 s` |
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| post-roll | `0.35 s` |
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参数可通过 `SPEECH_VAD_*` 调整。真实 TAKSTAR V2 车内噪声录音仍需要继续扩展 audio
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regression suite；没有真实证据时不自动切换到 int8，也不自动下载 Recovery 模型。
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